Lineamientos para el diseño de aplicaciones de ingreso de texto para adultos mayores

The care and monitoring of the health of the elderly in order to increase life expectancy, their safety, make them self-sufficient, and improve their quality of life, have been the focus of many investigations that involve the use of the Internet of the Things or Internet of Things (IoT). Likewise, many of these systems, social networks and communication tools, are making it necessary for older people to be interested in the use of smartphones or Smartphones, which has inspired to carry out this work, whose objective is to determine the guidelines for the design of text entry applications for older adults. Some works carried out by other authors were considered to obtain the guidelines used for the development of a prototype (called KeySenior) focused on the entry of text, applying the guidelines considered positive for our purpose. The prototype was tested through a user study with a very heterogeneous group of elderly people, from their socio-economic level, the frequency of use and type of mobile phone, to the pathologies they suffer from. They finally answered a questionnaire with the help of one of the researchers, who also took notes of the most important observations, to help to determine the degree of fulfillment of the objective of this work. Some of the guidelines implemented in KeySenior did not have the expected acceptance, however most of them had great acceptance.El cuidado y monitorización de la salud de las personas mayores con el fin de aumentar la esperanza de vida, su seguridad, lograr que sean autosuficientes, y mejorar su calidad de vida, han sido el foco de muchas investigaciones que involucran el uso de internet de las cosas o Internet of Things (IoT). Así mismo, mucho de estos sistemas, las redes sociales y herramientas de comunicación, están haciendo lo necesario para que las personas mayores se interesen en el uso de los teléfonos inteligentes o smartphones, lo que ha inspirado para la realización de este trabajo, cuyo objetivo es determinar los lineamientos para el diseño de aplicaciones de ingreso de texto para adultos mayores. Se consideraron algunos trabajos realizados por otros autores para obtener los lineamientos usados para el desarrollo de un prototipo (denominado KeySenior) enfocado al ingreso de texto, aplicando los lineamientos considerados positivos para nuestro propósito. Se probó el prototipo mediante un estudio de usuarios con un grupo de personas mayores muy heterogéneo, desde su nivel socio-económico, la frecuencia de uso y tipo  de teléfono móvil, hasta las patologías que padecen. Ellos al final contestaron un cuestionario con la ayuda de uno de los investigadores, quien también anotó las observaciones más importantes, para ayudar a determinar el grado de cumplimiento del objetivo de este trabajo. Algunos de los lineamientos implementados en keysenior no tuvieron la aceptación esperada; sin embargo, la mayoría de ellos tuvo gran aceptación

Validation of a development methodology and tool for IoT-based systems through a case study for visually impaired people

In this article, we validate the Test-Driven Development Methodology for Internet of Things (IoT)-based Systems (TDDM4IoTS) and its companion tool, called Test-Driven Development Tool for IoT-based Systems (TDDT4IoTS). TDDM4IoTS consists of 11 stages, including activities ranging from system requirements gathering to system maintenance. To evaluate the effectiveness of TDDM4IoTS and TDDT4IoTS, in the last four academic years from 2019, System Engineering students have developed several IoT-based systems as part of their training, from the sixth semester (third academic year). Ñawi (phonetically, Gnawi), which is the case study presented herein, is one of them, and intends to assist visually impaired people to move through open environments. Ñawi consists of a device, a mobile application and a web application. The device interacts with the environment and issues alerts to the user whenever it recognizes obstacles in their path. The mobile application targets two user roles: assisted person and caregiver. Assisted people can use the device and log in into a server when they leave home, so that the mobile application identifies and notifies obstacles in their path. All the collected data is gathered into the server, so that caregivers receive notifications and can monitor the location of their assisted people at any place and time. The web application allows caregivers to query and view more extensive information (details of events, trajectories, etc.). TDDM4IoTS has been evaluated regarding both the roles of the project members and the development cycle stages. A survey was used to evaluate the methodology. Out of a total of 47 respondents, 30 had used TDDM4IoTS and 96.66% of them were very satisfied or satisfied, with nobody unsatisfied

Agile Methodologies Applied to the Development of Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Systems: A Review

Throughout the evolution of software systems, empirical methodologies have been used in their development process, even in the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, to develop IoT-based systems (IoTS). In this paper, we review the fundamentals included in the manifesto for agile software development, especially in the Scrum methodology, to determine its use and role in IoTS development. Initially, 4303 documents were retrieved, a number that was reduced to 186 after applying automatic filters and by the relevance of their titles. After analysing their contents, only 60 documents were considered. Of these, 38 documents present the development of an IoTS using some methodology, 8 present methodologies focused on the construction of IoTS software, and 14 present methodologies close to the systems life cycle (SLC). Finally, only one methodology can be considered SLC-compliant. Out of 38 papers presenting the development of some IoTS following a methodology for traditional information systems (ISs), 42.1% have used Scrum as the only methodology, while 10.5% have used Scrum combined with other methodologies, such as eXtreme Programming (XP), Kanban and Rapid Prototyping. In the analysis presented herein, the existing methodologies for developing IoTSs have been grouped according to the different approaches on which they are based, such as agile, modelling, and service oriented. This study also analyses whether the different proposals consider the standard stages of the development process or not: planning and requirements gathering, solution analysis, solution design, solution coding and unit testing (construction), integration and testing (implementation), and operation and maintenance. In addition, we include a review of the automated frameworks, platforms, and tools used in the methodologies analysed to improve the development of IoTSs and the design of their underlying architectures. To conclude, the main contribution of this work is a review for IoTS researchers and developers regarding existing methodologies, frameworks, platforms, tools, and guidelines for the development of IoTSs, with a deep analysis framed within international standards dictated for this purpose

Development and Assessment of an Indoor Air Quality Control IoT-Based System

Good health and well-being are primary goals within the list of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations (UN) in 2015. New technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing, can aid to achieve that goal by enabling people to improve their lifestyles and have a more healthy and comfortable life. Pollution monitoring is especially important in order to avoid exposure to fine particles and to control the impact of human activity on the natural environment. Some of the sources of hazardous gas emissions can be found indoors. For instance, carbon monoxide (CO), which is considered a silent killer because it can cause death, is emitted by water heaters and heaters that rely on fossil fuels. Existing solutions for indoor pollution monitoring suffer from some drawbacks that make their implementation impossible for households with limited financial resources. This paper presents the development of IdeAir, a low-cost IoT-based air quality monitoring system that aims to reduce the disadvantages of existing systems. IdeAir was designed as a proof of concept to capture and determine the concentrations of harmful gases in indoor environments and, depending on their concentration levels, issue alarms and notifications, turn on the fan, and/or open the door. It has been developed following the Test-Driven Development Methodology for IoT-based Systems (TDDM4IoTS), which, together with the tool (based on this methodology) used for the automation of the development of IoT-based systems, has facilitated the work of the developers. Preliminary results on the functioning of IdeAir show a high level of acceptance by potential users.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (State Research Agency) PID2019-109644RB-I00Junta de Andalucia B-TIC-320-UGR2013th International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (ISAMI 2022